Re: jquery @ global header
jQuery is already bundled with bbPress (and WordPress), so you can just use
<?php bb_enqueue_script('jquery'); ?>
in your theme’s functions.php and it’ll automatically be included in your header.
Same applies for WordPress, but using wp_enqueue_script
instead…
But to answer your original question use <?php bb_active_theme_uri(); ?>
to output the template directory or <?php get_bb_active_theme_uri(); ?>
to return it as a variable.