@lamoulalamif
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Sana'a k'asar Italiya A k'asar Italiya, barome baroque wancan! saboda lalle ne a kullum mai sabon salon kid, har ma fiye da wani wuri ya bayyana a Roma, hedkwatar catholicity, a matsayinsa na adherence a kan kwatankwacinsa labulen da social taru a da develops a bisa k'a'ida, da ra'ayinsu. A cikin fervour aiki da jin k'ai Sixtus da jin k'ai Bulus ya fara, availing kansu da had'in gwiwar na Maderno, Fontana, k'ofa ya ci iyakar mak'wabcinku sabon shirin yankunan daga birnin guidelines yawan kwanakina a wajen manyan monuments, scenographic fasali na tushe ga baroque Roma. Tsara mai da artists k'ark'ashin papacy Pope da ke zaune a yankunan VIII, ya kawo wa maturation wani implicit fuskanta. A architecture da overcoming da classic hanyoyinku da composition kuwa ta soke-daga ciki da classical umarni, da sakamakon da enlargement da wani Revision: protagonists a shekara ta 1630, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini, Pietro the Cortona. Kasance da volumes, ba su fi gidaje a cewar wani dolo geometry, nan da nan sai ya bayyana a rarrabewar magana, ya zama filin tensions da amfani da baka structures da surfaces, d'aura kaia wad'ansu lokutan a subordination na jam'iyyun ne. D'auki takardun ciniki wad'anda, ko a diversity da sakamakon da ikilisiyoyin SS. Luca da Martina 1634-50 (1) da S. Maryamu samar da zaman lafiya a 1656, Pietro the Cortona, S. Carlino alle Quattro Fontane (1634) da Borromini da monumental scenographic mafita na Bernini, babban shirayi mai ginshik'ai ga basilica da S. Bitrus (1) 1656-67, emblem da sabunta ra'ayinsu furofaganda da papacy. Da dasa centrica ka fi elliptical, multilobed stellar, S. Ivo alla Sapienza da S. Agnese a piazza Navona Borromini, S. Andrea Quirinale sanin Bernini, to, ta shirya kewaye da fulcrum dynamic da cupola, ko kuma resolves da voltage da membering da surfaces. A cikin zaman gini, Palazzo Barberini Bernini da iko da irin wannan shirya ya bazu ko'ina. Architecture, kwalliya, fenta da sculptured, da darajar "tare" kõ dã laifinsakãfirci ne. A zana yi fenti da aikin Pietro the Cortona, Baba Pozzo, G.B. Gaulli, ku configure da overcoming da classicism da Carracci (akwai jerin d'akuna hawa na Palazzo Farnese 1594-96, sa'an nan kuma ya siffata ya fara bayyana, da yin kama da ke zaune a yankunan viii a Palazzo Barberini (1) 1633-39, S. Ignatius 1682-98 (1) da Yesu ne 1672-83 a cikin ikilisiyoyin homonymous, prescinding daga wani wallon architectural, halitta kasance illusory da had'amarsu da lissafi da architectural fasali ta kafa wani janar nufin evolve a fannin Turai, har ta goma sha takwas K'arni karo Tiepolo (1). A gefen babbar gayan burodi zana yi fenti, sai meditated sha'Caravaggio kuma bayyana a cikin masu nak'altar al'amura da antiretorica wancan! saboda lalle ne, d'aya daga cikin dynamic alternatives cikin italiyanci baroque da dokoki, da bai wa Rayuwarmu - da ambaliyar ruwa da za su sami epigone da Faransa, k'asar, da kuma Flanders Valentin, Ribera, Elsheimer, a kudancin k'asar Italiya (Caracciolo, firistoci da Tuscany AKWATIN GIDAN WAYA. Gentileschi. Ya kamata a dawo da na iya fahinta cewa wasu baroque kamar hadin kai da wurin sihirinsu ya zarce ma'anar sculpture, kuma a cikin wannan fili mai mulki Bernini da makaranta (Baratta, hana gamzaki haskakawa, da tsire-tsire da develops kewaye da undertakings da "girgije" da S. Bitrus, "Kujera da yawan gaskatawa" da barome mab'ub'b'ugai, da tanada domin sabuwar ma'anar picturesque jikinsu. Da ambaliyar ruwa mafi classical nufi A. Algardi. A kudancin k'asar Italiya, a Liguria, Veneto, Lombardy, Emilia, k'ananan artists bunk'asa, da sabunta sensitivity, mutane da yawa fassarori suke da sabon salon kid da wani nace wa wasu fannonin da barome baroque a matrices na hukumar kula da al'adu, sa'ad da Tuscany zauna a margins da motsi. A Lecce Cathedral (1), kuma Palermo villas na Bagheria, Catania, da ma'anar tsananin plastic zana da musanya masa a bayan da surfaces ba structures. A Genoa a ko da al'adun mannerist misãlinsu sabon urbanistic solutions (ta Balbi kuma hasala architectural na B. Fari, fiye da rabin farkon k'arni zana cycles, De Ferrari, naturalistic sculptures na berniniano Parodi prelude, saboda elegance da compositional rhythms, rococo. A Venice B. Longhena masa fassara a baroque yarjejeniyar a S. Liyarai della Yaba Wa Palladian classicism, a yayin da ateliers na Strozzi, Fetti Liss, ku ne marinjaya , kuma babban al'adun Venetian yi fenti da d'auka domin tsabtace k'arni na 12. A Bologna, a zana experiences na quadraturisti, ya tashi da gidan da kafa Bibiena nuna iyawarmu? Madalla da Accademia degli Incamminati kiyaye rai da al'adun mutane classical, ya fara da Carracci, a cikin aikin G. Reni da Domenichino. A Milan G. B. Crespi, Morazzone da Tanzio the Varallo fassara, bisa ga al'adun hukumar shirya asceticism urya-reformist na zamani na san Carlo, da wasan kwaikwayo da goron gayyata ga tashin da asceticism. Daga bisani Torino, babban birnin Jihar Savoy, ana configured tare da goma sha bakwai k'arni kamar baroque birane, kuma mai tsohon tarihi monumental focuses a titunan birnin S. Carlo (1637) da Castle, an sami amfani mafi tsoka samun bayebaye na sabunta gari iyali a birnin. Da Alak'a da Faransa baratar kyawawa da monumentality samuwa iteration na architectural motifs da classicism da excludes, da buk'atar mafi natsu kwalliya, sakamakon daring fiye da Barome Baroque. A cikin kwalliya ta waurinta da kama frescoes da Guidobono, Dufour (palazzo Madama, Seyter (Fādarsa ne wa da stuccoes da notches da masu sana'a daga Lugano da k'ananan hukumomi. A garin physiognomy bud'e international, da Castellamonte sun bada matsawar aka samu gamsasshen bayani la-shakka hali, aikin Guarini (gargad'i a Wuri Mai Tsarki lullub'e, 1668, Palazzo Carignano, Kwalejin horar da malamai da dattawa, kasa. 1680) fits da correctness da counterpoint, Juvara, a farkon K'arni goma sha takwas (Basilica na Superga, 1716, Palazzo Madama, 1718, Palazzina dizahab Stupinigi, 1729-30, da basira consistency. Sana'a da faransa Da baroque matsayi da cikon fasalinsa kewaye da manyan gaskiyar da masana'antu na Versailles (Le Vau, Mansart, Louvre Perrault (1), Les Invalides (Bruant Mansart, kuma a kan schematics da manyan yankunan accommodation, daga wurin Royale 1605-12 (4) a wurin Vendôme (Mansart, 1677-98, Janar shirye-shiryen Blondl (1686) da harsashi (1690), Classical physiognomy, kusan polemic wa solutions mafi heterodox na barome baroque, na da nasaba da nasaba da ak absolutist na Louis XIV, wadda wani paradigm na d'and'ana ta jami'ar hukumomi da academies na yi fenti (1648), da kuma architecture (1671). Da Faransanci classicism yana ba da irin wannan Renaissance, "Da ma'auni na mutum", amma emphatic da monumental. Da iteration da classic fasalin da masu sanwa, da pediment, 'ya'yan da babban juhurman nan, don cimma sakamakon wadanchan rhetorical da bayãni a saman sakamakon Italiyanci Baroque. Da gonaki a Versailles, kamar yadda a kan yi a Tuileries da na ganuwoyi ingatattu!" (Marly, Sceaux), ya yi umarni a cewar wani geometric scenography da tunani,'ancan ayoyin wani batunsu fanni na garin niyyar da baroque architecture. Da kwalliya da jami'waurinta, dank'a wa aniya organizational Le Brun, k'wayar Vouet, da makaranta, da avails kanta da had'in gwiwar sculptors, kaman Coysevox Girardon da develops bisa ga face kan classiciste directives na mafi kyawon tsayuwa carraccesco. A kan layi kamar yadda ka shiga yake faruwa intellectual fiye da literary Poussin, sa'ad da al'adun realism Caravaggio d'aure baya De la Rangadi da 'yan'uwa da mai suna Nayin. A cikin zaman magina ci iyakar mak'wabcinku ne bisa ga face kan munanan da bayanin ire-iren wasannin kwaikwayon da hôtel particulier wani birni fada da Ziyara H.Du Cerceau da Muet. Sana'a Ingila A Palladian architecture a cika k'awa a kan halinku Jones (sarauniya gida da Greenwich, 1616-35) Ana nan sai yake faruwa na C. Wren da masa fassara da bayanai da baroque classical Faransanci, bãbu wani rai fãce wajen da canje simplification da eclectic keb'ab'b'en da tunani, da sakamakon da za ku iya kafin da baroque da tsananin alamu na kasancewar shaida, cathedral da S. Bulus (1675-1710) a London mai monumental kud'ad'en shiga wannan makaranta, Mika ya cire daga classic tsattsarka ce, to, da suke da jama'arsa, a arewa maso Hawksmoor (Castle Howard, 1699-1726), da Ziyara H.Vanbrugh (Blenheim, 1705-16. Da waurinta kwalliya ainihin Windsor sosai a ganin Italiyanci Verrio 1674-84 (1) bisa ga kissoshin yi fenti continental kauri. A Turance hasala daga Van Dyck ya fara nuna wa makaranta na goma sha takwas da ritrattisti k'arni na 12. Sana'a k'asar Holan Da nũnamuku kõme hali na Rembrandt da Rubens abũbuwan misãli ne na'adu daban-daban climate da ya bambanta da Hollande protestant da Borghese daga Flanders masu nak'altar al'amura da ta Katolika da outcomes daban-daban na Baroque a k'asashen biyu. A k'asar Holan matsalar da haske, da caravaggeschi makaranta, mai suna Utarasht (Terbrugghen, Van Honthorst da Flemish realism, ya mayar da F. Hals bayar da ninkin fassarar a baroque salon kid, ku diflomasiya, ya tashi da safe, Zan yi tunani da irin a Rembrandt da Vermeer. Yi fenti da tripod decomposes a multiplicity na specialized nau'o'in wasannin kwaikwayon, mai kururrumai Ruysdael (1), a yankunan ra'ayoyi, furanni da dabbobi, har yanzu tafiyar da cewa, a cikin complexity composition, kuma ta illusionistic technique, targeted wajen k'ara accentuated decorativismo. A Flanders aikin Rubens, Mika wa reprocess da zurfi harshen hankali da manyan al'adun mutane Renaissance, achieves sakamakon mai scenic da naturalistic bugu da shi daga mai cikakken nasarorin da Turai baroque. Da shawarwarin toho, composition babban talakawa da zafin rai yakan kawo jayayya Rubens a k'ara rhythms a portraiture kauri da almajiri Van Dyck da zuciyarta, evolving a hankali popolaresco, a cikin aikin Jordaens. A Dutch architecture, cike da za a yi a canons da rhetorical palladianesimo, iyi architecture Flanders, a cewar generic munanan derived daga italiyanci baroque, da aikin daga cikin architects na kamfanin Yesu ne Aguillon, shirin da Ikilisiyar Jesuits a Antwerp, rewritten da Huyssens, Hesius, Jesuit ikilisiyar da ke Louvain. Sana'a Austria da jamus Da baroque ka configure cikin wata tambayoyinta dukka sak'ar da experiences da influences gindaya, sakamakon conclusive da originals, a shekara ta goma sha bakwai, da sassafe goma sha takwas k'arni na 12, daga cikin processing na inputs faransanci da italiyanci, da Faransanci architects (De Cotte Boffrand, a cikin magina da kotu a nan Jamus, zu Baveriya, Franconia, Austria, d'aya daga cikin Italiyanci architects (karãtun abin tunãwa, Barelli, Lurago, Carlone, Mab'ub'b'uga. Borrominiana guariniana da wahayi da Fischer von Erlach (Ubangji Guda na Salzburg, 1694-1702, daga Dientzenhofer (Ubangji Guda na Kappel, 1685-89, l. von Hildebrandt (Belvedere a Vienna, 1721-24, B. Neumann (Würzburg Residenz, 1719-29, Pöppelmann (Zwinger Dresden, 1709-36, ba ma ga kwalliya, musamman domin kula da aka keb'e wa Tsibin duwatsun yana da structures: tambayoyinta dukka mai ban sha'awa, har sau biyu, kuma intersecting, yawan kwanakina dilation na kasance organicity, da kwalliya, stucco da Fresco, a gidan sarauta. Sana'a k'asar Asbaniya A overcoming, marigayi mannerism wanda ya ci iyakar mak'wabcinku kewaye da ma'aikatar nan da Escorial, yana da kyakkyawar ganewa ga innovative aikin Ziyara H.de Ribera da masa fassara irin a hankali da expressionistic yi fenti da Caravaggeschi Neapolitans da Romawa, a zauna a k'asar Italiya, a kullum aikin Zurbarán ka lura da cire daga harabarsa da luminismo shaida plastic koyo da fixity kusan metaphysical, sa'ad da na Murillo realism marar dusashewa pathetic mana idanu da sentimental. Aikin Velázquez a k'arshe, da na Rembrandt ne mai yiwuwa ne mafi girma a kud'ad'en shiga na baroque realism, tãka a tsakaninsu, da cikakkiyar daidaiton tsakanin Isra'ila shaida da immediacy na gaskataccen, da bukatar gaskiya da kwalliya da shari'a, da portraits, jama'a, da harshen bayan shinge. A karo ne mafi girma a cikin architecture, tsakanin goma sha bakwai da goma sha takwas k'arni na 12, shi ne ujizoji da yake faruwa a architects da decorators de Churriguera sosai a cikin Salamanca da Madrid, cewa, a kullum naturalistic da picturesque Baroque, kada zare, wani irin kwalliya ta mai kħwayħwa da tafiya, amma a fuskar architectural sostituendovisi, d'aya daga cikin saman sakamakon wannan salon kid ne kuwa 1721-32 (1) da Toledo Cathedral, a'a. Tomé. Sana'a da Spaniyanci colonies Amurka Da baroque churrigueresco same ta kai tsaye a kan iyakokin da kamannin kwatancin footage da Spaniyanci colonies na Amurka, inda ta yi kuskure kamar stimulus a wani mizani ne ga halin lively k'ananan zana. Idan a architecture Baroque da sana'hukuma, shi ne kiyaye adherent zuwa k'asashen Turai makircinsu, k'ananan'i na kasar partially wadda ake rayarwa baya da al'adun mutane ne kyauta haifuwa fata masu-kyau a tashi daga decorativismo accentuated a arziki waurinta Cathedral (daga Puebla, Mexico. Sassauk'an wurin sihirinsu Don d'akunan su zauna sosai a organic conception da kwalliya da ya cancanta ga dattako baroque, sassauk'an wurin sihirinsu, a cikin wani raffinarsi na gamayyar ayyukan fasaha processes da wani janar ainihinsu da dutsin craftsmanship, ta zama kan k'unshi ziyara kwalliya. Da artist ne wanda ya rasa makama dalilai kuma kamar dinki, daga ceramics zuwa gilas, Daga na'urorin zuwa silverware: shaida liberissimi da notches a Bellunese Brustolon, da arba'in da bergamasco Fantoni. A Faransa da lizima supplier A.-C. Boulle, goldsmith Ballin, Caffieri, ma'aikatar nan da tagulla da carvers, aikin su Gobelins a kammala synchrony da architects da waurinta decorators, da Berain Lepautre da. K'ungiyar babban workshops a hidima na farfajiyar, a Paris, kamar a Turin ko Roma, kalmominsa sabuwar dangantaka, daga wannan bangon da baroque wani harshe d'aya da watsa a wata oholiyab sosai a fasali a regional da k'ananan sosai, a hannun yake faruwa a architects da decorators contributes ga D'ãkin janar dutsin era. Da harshen cycles da biki da fresco kwalliya sami wani kan iyakokin a resumption da aka sarrafa Kitsattsen gashin kanki kamar shunayya mafi kyau na (manufactories na Gobelins, birnin Brussels, Monaco, Mortlake, Florence Ita, Roma, mawallafan kundin sakamakon a can kwali na kusa dukan manyan Baroque painters, da Rubens a Le Brun, a yayin da suke replicated da sa'a wasu Renaissance cycles Raphael (1). Da ceramics manufactories na Faenza, Savona, Florence Ita, Nevers, Saint-Cloud, Nuremberg, Delft, Murano gilas da Bohemia, da kuma silverware madawwama a mana idanu da kwalliya ga sabon d'and'ana 'yantar da yawa, a yayin da diffuse collections na samun labarinku silversmiths da kuma modellers suke tattare da leveling da d'and'anar. Wak'a (Bayyana a kad'e-kad'e historiography kawai ta Assuwara wadda aka yi yayin ta kewaye, da Jamusanci musicology ya kwashe daga wurin sihirinsu alamu na kasancewar da ashe, da labarin sana'sun yi na'am da stylistic anar kalmomin nan da haila, 'yanzu da fad'uwar connotations da a asalin. Amfani Da ajalin a fagen musicological awatar lively contrasts ba tukuna universally karb'a, da Birtaniya da Faransa da k'asar Italiya, a matsayinsa na Kwabo #5,651 katsalandan, saboda lõkutan asuba sunã ta yin istigfãri da wuya a ba da stylistic anar kalmomin nan unitary haila da spans wani k'arni na 12 da rabi, kasa. 1600-1750, masu arziki da sauran ayyukan kad'e-kad'e disparatissime. A cikin wani hali kuma bai yi rafi na musicology shawarar da aka ambata a shawara ala yadda stylistic alama janar har da Tsibin duwatsun yana da harshen bushe-bushe da undeniable parallelism da harshen figurative (ko ba kome ba ne, bai kamata ba ya nema ravvisarvi ma wasanninmu daki-daki, a kan jirgin sama kwab'e linguistic, lalle ne mai anar kalmomin nan sun fi dacewa da Riemann, da kawai sik'e, a matsayinsa na mai gamayyar ayyukan fasaha, albeit k'wararan, suna magana da na zamani da basso continuo". Da amfani da baroque bayyana yawa fiye da wannnan placement adu da harshen salon kid. Kafin zuwan basso continuo yake d'aya daga cikin mai akwai da transformation da harshen da Renaissance a lokacin da ya ke ba a 1600. Rubutu kwab'e polyphonic, a cikinsa akwai entries duka, a daidai da jirgin sama da muhimmanci, simplifying da biases a kudu maso entries: masifa tana tahowa da monodia tare da gamuwa da jam'iyyun hamayya a vertical determines hanyoyi da ci gaban zaman lafiya, wato 'yantar da yanayi da defines da hue. Da conception da jawabi a shimfidad-dun azarorin wuri ne saboda gaza, ko (1) (2) Bach rubutu counterpointistic fits a da harmonic. Da adhesion da bushe-bushe a duniya, ya ce, "shan" daya ne daga cikin jũyãwarsu na Baroque waka ba, static renaissance daidaiton ba wurin wani vibrant expressive dynamism, wanda ya bayyana kanta cikin gorgeous wa ya san iyakar ikon colorismo na Venetian makaranta da linearity da monophonic compositions. Ya yi sãta da voltage yake, ya ce, "Chiaroscuro", kuma ya bayyana a cikin instrumental bushe-bushe, wadda aka haifa da develops a Baroque zamani da Concerto grosso solo da sonata da compositions domin organ da harpsichord. Da assumption da bushe-bushe instrumental na rawa mana idanu da fluid da bugagge wanda santsi na kwasarsa renaissance kid'a razionalizzandosi baya. Kayan sana'a kansu ya firgita a rage yawan mutanen da suke daidaita a harhad'e na neman wata sabuwar ideal motsi. An fik'e bakinsa instrumental da bushe-bushe, da suke a Venice d'aya daga cikin tsarkakan wurare na babban ci gaba, su ne a fagen muryar da nau'o'in wasannin kwaikwayon da oratory ta rera da melodrama, da dabi'glitz Scenic, ku d'and'ani ga ornamentation da virtuosity mayar wa mutane da yawa emblematic zaman rayuwasu na d'and'ana Baroque. Zurbarán, Francisco de - Sana'a k'asar Italiya A k'asar Italiya, barome baroque wancan! saboda lalle ne a kullum mai sabon salon kid, har ma fiye da wani wuri ya bayyana a Roma, hedkwatar catholicity, a matsayinsa na adherence a kan kwatankwacinsa labulen da social taru a da develops a bisa k'a'ida, da ra'ayinsu. A cikin fervour aiki da jin k'ai Sixtus da jin k'ai Bulus ya fara, availing kansu da had'in gwiwar na Maderno, Fontana, k'ofa ya ci iyakar mak'wabcinku sabon shirin yankunan daga birnin guidelines yawan kwanakina a wajen manyan monuments, scenographic fasali na tushe ga baroque Roma. Tsara mai da artists k'ark'ashin papacy Pope da ke zaune a yankunan VIII, ya kawo wa maturation wani implicit fuskanta. A architecture da overcoming da classic hanyoyinku da composition kuwa ta soke-daga ciki da classical umarni, da sakamakon da enlargement da wani Revision: protagonists a shekara ta 1630, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini, Pietro the Cortona. Kasance da volumes, ba su fi gidaje a cewar wani dolo geometry, nan da nan sai ya bayyana a rarrabewar magana, ya zama filin tensions da amfani da baka structures da surfaces, d'aura kaia wad'ansu lokutan a subordination na jam'iyyun ne. D'auki takardun ciniki wad'anda, ko a diversity da sakamakon da ikilisiyoyin SS. Luca da Martina 1634-50 (1) da S. Maryamu samar da zaman lafiya a 1656, Pietro the Cortona, S. Carlino alle Quattro Fontane (1634) da Borromini da monumental scenographic mafita na Bernini, babban shirayi mai ginshik'ai ga basilica da S. Bitrus (1) 1656-67, emblem da sabunta ra'ayinsu furofaganda da papacy. Da dasa centrica ka fi elliptical, multilobed stellar, S. Ivo alla Sapienza da S. Agnese a piazza Navona Borromini, S. Andrea Quirinale sanin Bernini, to, ta shirya kewaye da fulcrum dynamic da cupola, ko kuma resolves da voltage da membering da surfaces. A cikin zaman gini, Palazzo Barberini Bernini da iko da irin wannan shirya ya bazu ko'ina. Architecture, kwalliya, fenta da sculptured, da darajar "tare" kõ dã laifinsakãfirci ne. A zana yi fenti da aikin Pietro the Cortona, Baba Pozzo, G.B. Gaulli, ku configure da overcoming da classicism da Carracci (akwai jerin d'akuna hawa na Palazzo Farnese 1594-96, sa'an nan kuma ya siffata ya fara bayyana, da yin kama da ke zaune a yankunan viii a Palazzo Barberini (1) 1633-39, S. Ignatius 1682-98 (1) da Yesu ne 1672-83 a cikin ikilisiyoyin homonymous, prescinding daga wani wallon architectural, halitta kasance illusory da had'amarsu da lissafi da architectural fasali ta kafa wani janar nufin evolve a fannin Turai, har ta goma sha takwas K'arni karo Tiepolo (1). A gefen babbar gayan burodi zana yi fenti, sai meditated sha'Caravaggio kuma bayyana a cikin masu nak'altar al'amura da antiretorica wancan! saboda lalle ne, d'aya daga cikin dynamic alternatives cikin italiyanci baroque da dokoki, da bai wa Rayuwarmu - da ambaliyar ruwa da za su sami epigone da Faransa, k'asar, da kuma Flanders Valentin, Ribera, Elsheimer, a kudancin k'asar Italiya (Caracciolo, firistoci da Tuscany AKWATIN GIDAN WAYA. Gentileschi. Ya kamata a dawo da na iya fahinta cewa wasu baroque kamar hadin kai da wurin sihirinsu ya zarce ma'anar sculpture, kuma a cikin wannan fili mai mulki Bernini da makaranta (Baratta, hana gamzaki haskakawa, da tsire-tsire da develops kewaye da undertakings da "girgije" da S. Bitrus, "Kujera da yawan gaskatawa" da barome mab'ub'b'ugai, da tanada domin sabuwar ma'anar picturesque jikinsu. Da ambaliyar ruwa mafi classical nufi A. Algardi. A kudancin k'asar Italiya, a Liguria, Veneto, Lombardy, Emilia, k'ananan artists bunk'asa, da sabunta sensitivity, mutane da yawa fassarori suke da sabon salon kid da wani nace wa wasu fannonin da barome baroque a matrices na hukumar kula da al'adu, sa'ad da Tuscany zauna a margins da motsi. A Lecce Cathedral (1), kuma Palermo villas na Bagheria, Catania, da ma'anar tsananin plastic zana da musanya masa a bayan da surfaces ba structures. A Genoa a ko da al'adun mannerist misãlinsu sabon urbanistic solutions (ta Balbi kuma hasala architectural na B. Fari, fiye da rabin farkon k'arni zana cycles, De Ferrari, naturalistic sculptures na berniniano Parodi prelude, saboda elegance da compositional rhythms, rococo. A Venice B. Longhena masa fassara a baroque yarjejeniyar a S. Liyarai della Yaba Wa Palladian classicism, a yayin da ateliers na Strozzi, Fetti Liss, ku ne marinjaya , kuma babban al'adun Venetian yi fenti da d'auka domin tsabtace k'arni na 12. A Bologna, a zana experiences na quadraturisti, ya tashi da gidan da kafa Bibiena nuna iyawarmu? Madalla da Accademia degli Incamminati kiyaye rai da al'adun mutane classical, ya fara da Carracci, a cikin aikin G. Reni da Domenichino. A Milan G. B. Crespi, Morazzone da Tanzio the Varallo fassara, bisa ga al'adun hukumar shirya asceticism urya-reformist na zamani na san Carlo, da wasan kwaikwayo da goron gayyata ga tashin da asceticism. Daga bisani Torino, babban birnin Jihar Savoy, ana configured tare da goma sha bakwai k'arni kamar baroque birane, kuma mai tsohon tarihi monumental focuses a titunan birnin S. Carlo (1637) da Castle, an sami amfani mafi tsoka samun bayebaye na sabunta gari iyali a birnin. Da Alak'a da Faransa baratar kyawawa da monumentality samuwa iteration na architectural motifs da classicism da excludes, da buk'atar mafi natsu kwalliya, sakamakon daring fiye da Barome Baroque. A cikin kwalliya ta waurinta da kama frescoes da Guidobono, Dufour (palazzo Madama, Seyter (Fādarsa ne wa da stuccoes da notches da masu sana'a daga Lugano da k'ananan hukumomi. A garin physiognomy bud'e international, da Castellamonte sun bada matsawar aka samu gamsasshen bayani la-shakka hali, aikin Guarini (gargad'i a Wuri Mai Tsarki lullub'e, 1668, Palazzo Carignano, Kwalejin horar da malamai da dattawa, kasa. 1680) fits da correctness da counterpoint, Juvara, a farkon K'arni goma sha takwas (Basilica na Superga, 1716, Palazzo Madama, 1718, Palazzina dizahab Stupinigi, 1729-30, da basira consistency. Sana'a da faransa Da baroque matsayi da cikon fasalinsa kewaye da manyan gaskiyar da masana'antu na Versailles (Le Vau, Mansart, Louvre Perrault (1), Les Invalides (Bruant Mansart, kuma a kan schematics da manyan yankunan accommodation, daga wurin Royale 1605-12 (4) a wurin Vendôme (Mansart, 1677-98, Janar shirye-shiryen Blondl (1686) da harsashi (1690), Classical physiognomy, kusan polemic wa solutions mafi heterodox na barome baroque, na da nasaba da nasaba da ak absolutist na Louis XIV, wadda wani paradigm na d'and'ana ta jami'ar hukumomi da academies na yi fenti (1648), da kuma architecture (1671). Da Faransanci classicism yana ba da irin wannan Renaissance, "Da ma'auni na mutum", amma emphatic da monumental. Da iteration da classic fasalin da masu sanwa, da pediment, 'ya'yan da babban juhurman nan, don cimma sakamakon wadanchan rhetorical da bayãni a saman sakamakon Italiyanci Baroque. Da gonaki a Versailles, kamar yadda a kan yi a Tuileries da na ganuwoyi ingatattu!" (Marly, Sceaux), ya yi umarni a cewar wani geometric scenography da tunani,'ancan ayoyin wani batunsu fanni na garin niyyar da baroque architecture. Da kwalliya da jami'waurinta, dank'a wa aniya organizational Le Brun, k'wayar Vouet, da makaranta, da avails kanta da had'in gwiwar sculptors, kaman Coysevox Girardon da develops bisa ga face kan classiciste directives na mafi kyawon tsayuwa carraccesco. A kan layi kamar yadda ka shiga yake faruwa intellectual fiye da literary Poussin, sa'ad da al'adun realism Caravaggio d'aure baya De la Rangadi da 'yan'uwa da mai suna Nayin. A cikin zaman magina ci iyakar mak'wabcinku ne bisa ga face kan munanan da bayanin ire-iren wasannin kwaikwayon da hôtel particulier wani birni fada da Ziyara H.Du Cerceau da Muet. Sana'a Ingila A Palladian architecture a cika k'awa a kan halinku Jones (sarauniya gida da Greenwich, 1616-35) Ana nan sai yake faruwa na C. Wren da masa fassara da bayanai da baroque classical Faransanci, bãbu wani rai fãce wajen da canje simplification da eclectic keb'ab'b'en da tunani, da sakamakon da za ku iya kafin da baroque da tsananin alamu na kasancewar shaida, cathedral da S. Bulus (1675-1710) a London mai monumental kud'ad'en shiga wannan makaranta, Mika ya cire daga classic tsattsarka ce, to, da suke da jama'arsa, a arewa maso Hawksmoor (Castle Howard, 1699-1726), da Ziyara H.Vanbrugh (Blenheim, 1705-16. Da waurinta kwalliya ainihin Windsor sosai a ganin Italiyanci Verrio 1674-84 (1) bisa ga kissoshin yi fenti continental kauri. A Turance hasala daga Van Dyck ya fara nuna wa makaranta na goma sha takwas da ritrattisti k'arni na 12. Sana'a k'asar Holan Da nũnamuku kõme hali na Rembrandt da Rubens abũbuwan misãli ne na'adu daban-daban climate da ya bambanta da Hollande protestant da Borghese daga Flanders masu nak'altar al'amura da ta Katolika da outcomes daban-daban na Baroque a k'asashen biyu. A k'asar Holan matsalar da haske, da caravaggeschi makaranta, mai suna Utarasht (Terbrugghen, Van Honthorst da Flemish realism, ya mayar da F. Hals bayar da ninkin fassarar a baroque salon kid, ku diflomasiya, ya tashi da safe, Zan yi tunani da irin a Rembrandt da Vermeer. Yi fenti da tripod decomposes a multiplicity na specialized nau'o'in wasannin kwaikwayon, mai kururrumai Ruysdael (1), a yankunan ra'ayoyi, furanni da dabbobi, har yanzu tafiyar da cewa, a cikin complexity composition, kuma ta illusionistic technique, targeted wajen k'ara accentuated decorativismo. A Flanders aikin Rubens, Mika wa reprocess da zurfi harshen hankali da manyan al'adun mutane Renaissance, achieves sakamakon mai scenic da naturalistic bugu da shi daga mai cikakken nasarorin da Turai baroque. Da shawarwarin toho, composition babban talakawa da zafin rai yakan kawo jayayya Rubens a k'ara rhythms a portraiture kauri da almajiri Van Dyck da zuciyarta, evolving a hankali popolaresco, a cikin aikin Jordaens. A Dutch architecture, cike da za a yi a canons da rhetorical palladianesimo, iyi architecture Flanders, a cewar generic munanan derived daga italiyanci baroque, da aikin daga cikin architects na kamfanin Yesu ne Aguillon, shirin da Ikilisiyar Jesuits a Antwerp, rewritten da Huyssens, Hesius, Jesuit ikilisiyar da ke Louvain. Sana'a Austria da jamus Da baroque ka configure cikin wata tambayoyinta dukka sak'ar da experiences da influences gindaya, sakamakon conclusive da originals, a shekara ta goma sha bakwai, da sassafe goma sha takwas k'arni na 12, daga cikin processing na inputs faransanci da italiyanci, da Faransanci architects (De Cotte Boffrand, a cikin magina da kotu a nan Jamus, zu Baveriya, Franconia, Austria, d'aya daga cikin Italiyanci architects (karãtun abin tunãwa, Barelli, Lurago, Carlone, Mab'ub'b'uga. Borrominiana guariniana da wahayi da Fischer von Erlach (Ubangji Guda na Salzburg, 1694-1702, daga Dientzenhofer (Ubangji Guda na Kappel, 1685-89, l. von Hildebrandt (Belvedere a Vienna, 1721-24, B. Neumann (Würzburg Residenz, 1719-29, Pöppelmann (Zwinger Dresden, 1709-36, ba ma ga kwalliya, musamman domin kula da aka keb'e wa Tsibin duwatsun yana da structures: tambayoyinta dukka mai ban sha'awa, har sau biyu, kuma intersecting, yawan kwanakina dilation na kasance organicity, da kwalliya, stucco da Fresco, a gidan sarauta. Sana'a k'asar Asbaniya A overcoming, marigayi mannerism wanda ya ci iyakar mak'wabcinku kewaye da ma'aikatar nan da Escorial, yana da kyakkyawar ganewa ga innovative aikin Ziyara H.de Ribera da masa fassara irin a hankali da expressionistic yi fenti da Caravaggeschi Neapolitans da Romawa, a zauna a k'asar Italiya, a kullum aikin Zurbarán ka lura da cire daga harabarsa da luminismo shaida plastic koyo da fixity kusan metaphysical, sa'ad da na Murillo realism marar dusashewa pathetic mana idanu da sentimental. Aikin Velázquez a k'arshe, da na Rembrandt ne mai yiwuwa ne mafi girma a kud'ad'en shiga na baroque realism, tãka a tsakaninsu, da cikakkiyar daidaiton tsakanin Isra'ila shaida da immediacy na gaskataccen, da bukatar gaskiya da kwalliya da shari'a, da portraits, jama'a, da harshen bayan shinge. A karo ne mafi girma a cikin architecture, tsakanin goma sha bakwai da goma sha takwas k'arni na 12, shi ne ujizoji da yake faruwa a architects da decorators de Churriguera sosai a cikin Salamanca da Madrid, cewa, a kullum naturalistic da picturesque Baroque, kada zare, wani irin kwalliya ta mai kħwayħwa da tafiya, amma a fuskar architectural sostituendovisi, d'aya daga cikin saman sakamakon wannan salon kid ne kuwa 1721-32 (1) da Toledo Cathedral, a'a. Tomé. Sana'a da Spaniyanci colonies Amurka Da baroque churrigueresco same ta kai tsaye a kan iyakokin da kamannin kwatancin footage da Spaniyanci colonies na Amurka, inda ta yi kuskure kamar stimulus a wani mizani ne ga halin lively k'ananan zana. Idan a architecture Baroque da sana'hukuma, shi ne kiyaye adherent zuwa k'asashen Turai makircinsu, k'ananan'i na kasar partially wadda ake rayarwa baya da al'adun mutane ne kyauta haifuwa fata masu-kyau a tashi daga decorativismo accentuated a arziki waurinta Cathedral (daga Puebla, Mexico. Sassauk'an wurin sihirinsu Don d'akunan su zauna sosai a organic conception da kwalliya da ya cancanta ga dattako baroque, sassauk'an wurin sihirinsu, a cikin wani raffinarsi na gamayyar ayyukan fasaha processes da wani janar ainihinsu da dutsin craftsmanship, ta zama kan k'unshi ziyara kwalliya. Da artist ne wanda ya rasa makama dalilai kuma kamar dinki, daga ceramics zuwa gilas, Daga na'urorin zuwa silverware: shaida liberissimi da notches a Bellunese Brustolon, da arba'in da bergamasco Fantoni. A Faransa da lizima supplier A.-C. Boulle, goldsmith Ballin, Caffieri, ma'aikatar nan da tagulla da carvers, aikin su Gobelins a kammala synchrony da architects da waurinta decorators, da Berain Lepautre da. K'ungiyar babban workshops a hidima na farfajiyar, a Paris, kamar a Turin ko Roma, kalmominsa sabuwar dangantaka, daga wannan bangon da baroque wani harshe d'aya da watsa a wata oholiyab sosai a fasali a regional da k'ananan sosai, a hannun yake faruwa a architects da decorators contributes ga D'ãkin janar dutsin era. Da harshen cycles da biki da fresco kwalliya sami wani kan iyakokin a resumption da aka sarrafa Kitsattsen gashin kanki kamar shunayya mafi kyau na (manufactories na Gobelins, birnin Brussels, Monaco, Mortlake, Florence Ita, Roma, mawallafan kundin sakamakon a can kwali na kusa dukan manyan Baroque painters, da Rubens a Le Brun, a yayin da suke replicated da sa'a wasu Renaissance cycles Raphael (1). Da ceramics manufactories na Faenza, Savona, Florence Ita, Nevers, Saint-Cloud, Nuremberg, Delft, Murano gilas da Bohemia, da kuma silverware madawwama a mana idanu da kwalliya ga sabon d'and'ana 'yantar da yawa, a yayin da diffuse collections na samun labarinku silversmiths da kuma modellers suke tattare da leveling da d'and'anar. Wak'a (Bayyana a kad'e-kad'e historiography kawai ta Assuwara wadda aka yi yayin ta kewaye, da Jamusanci musicology ya kwashe daga wurin sihirinsu alamu na kasancewar da ashe, da labarin sana'sun yi na'am da stylistic anar kalmomin nan da haila, 'yanzu da fad'uwar connotations da a asalin. Amfani Da ajalin a fagen musicological awatar lively contrasts ba tukuna universally karb'a, da Birtaniya da Faransa da k'asar Italiya, a matsayinsa na Kwabo #5,651 katsalandan, saboda lõkutan asuba sunã ta yin istigfãri da wuya a ba da stylistic anar kalmomin nan unitary haila da spans wani k'arni na 12 da rabi, kasa. 1600-1750, masu arziki da sauran ayyukan kad'e-kad'e disparatissime. A cikin wani hali kuma bai yi rafi na musicology shawarar da aka ambata a shawara ala yadda stylistic alama janar har da Tsibin duwatsun yana da harshen bushe-bushe da undeniable parallelism da harshen figurative (ko ba kome ba ne, bai kamata ba ya nema ravvisarvi ma wasanninmu daki-daki, a kan jirgin sama kwab'e linguistic, lalle ne mai anar kalmomin nan sun fi dacewa da Riemann, da kawai sik'e, a matsayinsa na mai gamayyar ayyukan fasaha, albeit k'wararan, suna magana da na zamani da basso continuo". Da amfani da baroque bayyana yawa fiye da wannnan placement adu da harshen salon kid. Kafin zuwan basso continuo yake d'aya daga cikin mai akwai da transformation da harshen da Renaissance a lokacin da ya ke ba a 1600. Rubutu kwab'e polyphonic, a cikinsa akwai entries duka, a daidai da jirgin sama da muhimmanci, simplifying da biases a kudu maso entries: masifa tana tahowa da monodia tare da gamuwa da jam'iyyun hamayya a vertical determines hanyoyi da ci gaban zaman lafiya, wato 'yantar da yanayi da defines da hue. Da conception da jawabi a shimfidad-dun azarorin wuri ne saboda gaza, ko (1) (2) Bach rubutu counterpointistic fits a da harmonic. Da adhesion da bushe-bushe a duniya, ya ce, "shan" daya ne daga cikin jũyãwarsu na Baroque waka ba, static renaissance daidaiton ba wurin wani vibrant expressive dynamism, wanda ya bayyana kanta cikin gorgeous wa ya san iyakar ikon colorismo na Venetian makaranta da linearity da monophonic compositions. Ya yi sãta da voltage yake, ya ce, "Chiaroscuro", kuma ya bayyana a cikin instrumental bushe-bushe, wadda aka haifa da develops a Baroque zamani da Concerto grosso solo da sonata da compositions domin organ da harpsichord. Da assumption da bushe-bushe instrumental na rawa mana idanu da fluid da bugagge wanda santsi na kwasarsa renaissance kid'a razionalizzandosi baya. Kayan sana'a kansu ya firgita a rage yawan mutanen da suke daidaita a harhad'e na neman wata sabuwar ideal motsi. An fik'e bakinsa instrumental da bushe-bushe, da suke a Venice d'aya daga cikin tsarkakan wurare na babban ci gaba, su ne a fagen muryar da nau'o'in wasannin kwaikwayon da oratory ta rera da melodrama, da dabi'glitz Scenic, ku d'and'ani ga ornamentation da virtuosity mayar wa mutane da yawa emblematic zaman rayuwasu na d'and'ana Baroque. Zurbarán, Francisco de -
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