@gregordostoiev
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Registered: 7 years, 12 months ago
Platerésco K'ara da sm. (Pl. m. , Chi (Spanisanci plateresco, daga platero, hukumarsa, goldsmith. Da architectural salon kid k'arfafa zana madayana san a k'asar a farkon rabin daga umurninsaa kan wanda Yake so daga bãyinsa k'arni na 12. Da tambayoyinta dukka formation gudunmawa derived fannin daga flamboyant gothic, daga Italiyanci Renaissance da kuma Faransanci da Mudejar hume da exuberant d'and'ana domin duhun da meticulous ado - aru akwai huld'a sosai tsakanin bak'ak'en fatan daga ado. (Plateresco ne a asalin nuna da elaboratissima kwalliya da abubuwan da zinariya da azurfa, kuma ya kasance da zarginsa da architecture da Ortiz Zuñiga suka ci iyakar mak'wabcinku platerescas decorations na gargad'i a cathedral na Seville. Misali mai lbrãhĩm wannan salon kid wad'anda suke a Salamanca, Jami'ar, 1516-29, gidan Monterrey, a Toledo (asibiti na S. Cruz, 1504, Seville Ajuntamento (1), Alcalá de Henares, Jami'ar, 1540-53, kuma Guadalajara (Palacio del Infantado. "Tă kasance mai k'wazo Gedea ga sana'ne. 6 pp 246-252" "tă kasance mai k'wazo Gedea ga sana'ne. 6 pp 246-252." Da Lexicon Sm. kuma k'ara (pl. m. , Chi (wad'anda k'arni na 12, prob. Da aka ambata baroco makaranta. (1) Sm, sai lokacin da literary shiga daga classicism cike da d'auka domin tsabtace k'arni na 12 ga Arcadia, galibi da rationalism na farko a shekara ta goma sha takwas k'arni na 12. 2) k'ara a kan literary ko labulen aiki, da nasaba da wannan salon kid ko da fannonin: baroque yi fenti, gidan, baroque ikilisiya. Da bene, da gradient spregiativa, sumptuous, har zuwa hak'ak'k'en, ya yi hulu-hulu don, bizarre, clumsy: "Baroque hali mai horar da 'yan wasan nad'ori, Muna ganin ta k'ararrawa." (1) Gozzano. Na adabi A cikin baroque gender aka identified da Italiyanci secentismo, da concettismo da Spaniyanci gongorismo, da harshen biko ya bayyana, ka jarraba kamar kyakkyawar ganewa, an hallaka birnin goma sha bakwai k'arni na 12. Ba da abũbuwan misãli burum Renaissance, wadda undeniably tashi domin ci gaban jama'ar Isra'ila ne mutumi sahihi, da innovative fannin impersonati sau da yawa a cikin expressive geniality da inventiveness bizarre da capricious, yana da sauk'in zargi da baroque na emptiness da mutunci wasaq, wad'anda kuma capziosi. Tun da yake sha bakwai k'arni na 12, k'arni na Counter-Reformation da Spaniyanci preponderance a k'asar Italiya, critical na adabi da Risorgimento, bayan da fad'in eka ne da wa'azi da Arcadia a baroque, ya yi ziyarar aikinsa da wata gata ga jama'ar Isra'ila inventiveness novelty da yake fayyace masu k'awa da rashin aiki a fagen siyasa da na da yaya kimar b'arnar sana'lokacin da wasa da hedonism k'arshe a kanta. Daga had'revocation manufa ta wuce da sassafe, labarin Italiyanci na adabi da ta yaya kimar b'arnar critical, abin da na adabi banza da haihuwa, tare da cikakkiyar sakaci da figurative wurin sihirinsu da wak'a inda, da expansion a Turai da fin a Latin Amurka, ka ga walk'iya inventiveness hasken da zurfi hankali zana. Wani conception da sana'kuma waka ba kwab'e da nasaba da carducciano classicism, kuma yaya kimar b'arnar da sunan d'ansa da nasaba da wasu dalilai na Risorgimento a tarihi da Italiyanci na adabi na De Sanctis, Benedetto Croce ya yi hukunci fad'uwar kusan a baroque fahimci yadda secentismo, in ba haka ba, kamar yadda wani enlargement da deteriorating marinismo, da cewa omission, a d'ebi sakawa, ta wurin sihirinsu galibi da bushe-bushe da shahararrun game da Baroque zamani a k'asar Italiya, 1929. Da aka philosopher, amma kafin Calcaterra, K'irin da sauran, babbar connoisseur na waka ba da Italiyanci wasik'un goma sha bakwai k'arni na 12, daga wannan ra'ayi, specimens assays ne da sabon assays a Italiyanci na adabi da goma sha bakwai k'arni na 12, ke bayani kan tum da 1931, editions daban-daban na marubuta nan, ba tare da excluding daidai da mafi tab'awa da barocchismi, Basile de Ashe Cunto (a Italiyanci daga gicciyen kanta kamar Pentamerone". A cikin shari'a akan fad'uwar game da wasu dalilai mafi flashy specious kuma a al'adu, a maimakon spirituality, baroque na adabi da waka ba, da critical matsayin Gicciyen ne na tsawon ungiyoyin ma critical Italiyanci na jami'ar da ma wani matalauci yaya kimar b'arnar da gudummuwar da Yekoniya na k'asar da daga Renaissance tafiyar wajen sabon conquests da maganarsa, alhali kuwa Karl Vossler, da mai girma da haye, ba su yarda da hukuncin da abokinsa da aka kawo a sa'an nan kuma ya tattara a cikin correspondence, muhimmancin Góngora da sauran Spanisanci mawakan. Amfani Da fad'uwar shari'a na iya fahinta cewa wasu Baroque (cikin hankali da zirga-zirga, abu ne mai ban mamaki da bizarre) bisa ga na fannin da Yana kiwon garkensa gongorismo (1) culteranismo Spaniyanci da na preziosismo faransanci da turanci eufuismo ya fadi rage ajali mai fad'uwar ba da labarin sana'kanta. Kuma wannan, da mummunan mu'amala da masu daular da baroque architecture a Turai, ko a Latin Amurka da ka rabu da fascination kad'e ci iyakar mak'wabcinku sakawa baroque. Da yake da wannan lamari kuwa negatrice, ko a k'alla to, da baroque a janar, musamman da na adabi, lokacin da ake kira secentismo da critics) ne aukaka da Catalan Eugenio told Ors, da shahararrun littafi, yi saurin bazuwa a Faransanci fassara ce a 1936, ga baroque a lokacin da ruhu, da bayanin ire-iren wasannin kwaikwayon, vantò da yake classicism, ta fahimci kamar halinta koyo da zaman lafiya, a fagen daga wurin sihirinsu, euritmia. Wani mizani ne ga halin da yawa, ya riga ya bayyana a matsayinsa na yadda Wölfflin tun 1888 da renaissance da baroque da nasaba da tashi da sabon wani mizani ne ga halin da hukumomin a sana'visibility mai tsarki, ya sami damar polemically ya bayyana kanta halin da told Ors da cikakkiyar a binciken da baroque inventiveness d'and'ana, da sabon da kamannin kwatancin, domin repudiation da mulki kamar hakan na makarantar classicism. Idan a gabanin Nisard iya jĩfar wasu Faransanci romantic ya zama kamar Latin mawakan da decadence, yanzu fahariya haramtacce ne wasu dalilai amma innovators'arni na fiye da yadda armashi fannin sau da inventiveness na mutum, daga alessandrinismo wani tendencies ta Tsakiya Zamunna daban-daban conquests koyo, daga natura morta a yi fenti ya gardening labulen, da kwalliya da kayan kwalliyarta da jokes da bushe-bushe. Wani abu haramtacce to sai dai addininsu a Baroque, tun daga k'arshen wanda yake kiransa 'yan'arni na baya, mike barrueca da lu'ulu'u, mara suranta da wani al'amari ba sosai taram, ko adjective faransanci baroque (provenance Spanish-Portuguese) a sadar da na gargajiya italiyanci baroco derived (daga scholastic hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi ta Tsakiya zamunna. Ya cire zai zama "nau'i ne na sa" (daga Cheater cewa, shi ma ya buga idan sun ce, "rũd'i." Kuma ya kamata a ga hypothesis (daring tabbas ne yake da Spaniyanci barrueco berrueco ko ya ce, abin da ke da haramtacce lu'ulu'u ko scaramazza, na farko, "gangaren dutse" da aka sauki a game da al'adun da Rococo daga Faransanci rocaille. Duk da asalin sunan baroque, ya fara gane da rationalists da neoclassical daga K'arni goma sha takwas da freak, kada ku, shi ne da 'yan shekaru da jarrabawa daga sana'da na adabi da wani babban sashen Turai, a tsakanin Cinquecento cike da farko a shekara ta goma sha takwas K'arni ragowa, a cikin armashi hankali da samun bayebaye da sunan d'ansa da zuciyar sabon, sa'an nan ka saman k'aunaci hikima da matanku critical, ba ma ya gyara tambaya, ga wa faransa rik hedonism) a fantasy, a oestrus, a garin neman sabon. A binciken wannan shi ne ya fi wajibi ne, idan an yi la'akari da ci gaban da baroque ya a duniya a correspondence da sunan d'ansa da ma al'umma, ko a cikin lissafi inventive, a Ingila, inda aka Renaissance imta a kanta ba sunan d'ansa cikakke a d'and'ana kamfanin da bauta wa da siffar kusan kamar yadda babban rantsuwa da petrarchismo. Riga ce a Italiyanci na adabi da prebarocco d'and'ana reasoning da Aretino, fantasy vat, irin wasannin ko sun elocution na kofa na musamman da rakiya al'amura da polemics wa classicism, literary naturalism Bruno na nuna da ake kira Rahab su yi la'akari da unitary abin da nasarorin da babban Renaissance, fortiori da faransanci preziosismo da hawaye domin accents baroque Huguenots mawakan da Catholics, mawakan metaphysical Turanci, da su yi amfani da anar kalmomin nan shahararrun Dryden), da dai sauran mawallafan kundin sakamakon tabbatar da shawarwarin Baroque cigaba da novelty kuma shirya tambayoyin da mafi kyau na halitta a inventiveness da Genius waje na kowane mulki. Dandalin Wani fanni na baroque ba daga dandalin, musamman ma a Faransa da rabi ma a k'asar Italiya, da binciken pageantry, fajirci, na sha hore, lalle, bayan shinge spectacular tsattsarka ce, da mamaki. Ya bayyana a ci gaba da wasu dalilai na dandalin da Renaissance, tare da Seneca a cikin nazarin sha'awa da bin, masu tsattsarka ce, ko macabre fasiki incesti (1) inclusive ko a cikin ayyukan moraleggianti wani mizani ne ga halin. Siyasa da alfahari, unbridled sha'awa, ko a sashen mata) ya kai ga extremes sau da yawa a cikin lavish scenario ne "abin mamaki" da yawa, ya ce, "Kai" da abin nuni na truncated kawunansu a b'angaren, ba zata lambobin yabo masu yawa, kuma An hallaka birnin irin wasannin ko sun kasance da baroque Ermenegildo na Emanuele Tesauro a k'asar Italiya, da wasu k, Adamu Andreini), da Faransa Scédase da A. Hardy, Charite na Poullet, Machabée na Virey du Gravier da yawan gaskatawa Vincent na Boissin de Gallardon. Ga alamu na kasancewar yau na irin d'awainiyar da harshen baroque da bak'i a b'angaren, a cikin ayyukansu mafi tsayi, sai harshen albeit imaginifico, jumhuriyar jigon akan bayyana a cikin wasa na contrasts tsakanin fiction da gaskiya, tsakanin mafarkin da rai. Tsammani da masifar elisabettiana, Shakespeare, a Racine, Molie Calderón, da shahararrun mai ban dariya La Vida es sueño, da Spaniyanci dandalin nan. Daga sabuwar Yana kiwon garkensa a duniya labulen, sa'an nan za a derived dokoki da wani sabon poetics, ku d'and'ani, yadda za a kullum anticipated dokoki. Ta haka baroque ya ba da umarni, na zamani waka ba, da na autonomous halitta, spontaneous, ina kuwa ba da hujjoji hankali na ainihi da yawa daga hedonistic lokacin da ya bayyana ta kanta ma, wato, a wurin sihirinsu na gida da bude wa dukan farillan modernity, kafin da lokaci. Akwai makama cike da wurin sihirinsu da aka mutum aiki, sa'an nan da nasaba da vicissitudes na duniya, da k'awa da discoveries da ba su da wani abu da sabon glories. A cikin wannan umarni baroque da yake ji da na zamani, a lokacin da suke faruwa don tunawa da ya yi sabon muhimman abubuwa dai, ko a romantic wad'annan al'amura, ko wannan hukunci, bisa manufa compartment kowane Tsibin duwatsun yana da ma na da nasaba bi zab'i wad'ansunmu da wa'azi da rationalism da goma sha takwas k'arni na 12. A'a, da yawa daga fannonin romance da na zamani waka ba za a bayyana ba tare da harabarsa da baroque. Sana', Janar labarai A cikin figurative sana'iyyar, mataki chronologically tsakanin mannerism, da kuma kawo k'arshen sakamakon baroque kansa yake rococo (xvii k'arni na 12 da farkon wad'anda). Tun daga wannan lokaci a kan tsari daga mannerism za ku iya sketch wani genesis da baroque (generic ungozomanchi ba su complexity da yin hakan ya da implies (2) kamar yadda sabunta sensitivity ga kome ba, face fasali, sa'an nan Ya kyautata sũrõrinku gabata, mayar da mannerist rikici ya saukar da sa, ta wurin da aka saba maimaitawa na modules yanzu gaji. Rikicin aesthetics da cognitive mannerism, masanan da manufar da Counter-Reformation stimulate da hukumomin daga ciki da classic canons da ya tashi daga gantali revalue da jin da kamannin: ba investigates da fiye da ratio na ainihi, da ya tashi, amma poses sabon rahoton emotional da jama'ar Isra'ila a tsakanin mutum da al'amura. Saboda haka, masu Tsibin duwatsun yana za mu yi amfani da duk wata hanya daban-daban da fahimtar ma'anar technique har illusionism sa a cikin maruruwa da baroque artist. A fili a architecture ne mai kħwayħwa da organic: da geometric dalili ba ziyarar aikinsa da essence, sai wata dabara a shawo kan iyaka tsakanin kamanninsa da gaskiya. Da prospect illusiva ne da scenographic, kullum a dangantaka da zura masu ido, da gine-ginen nan ne bud'e lullub'e a tutur dialog da ke zaune a yankunan fili ko da mai kururrumai, a watan alfarma adadin horonsu da firsinonin Falasdinawa yana emotional'i zaburarsu, a kullum sculpture a dynamic dangantaka da fili da gidaje. Wani mafi abõkin had'i an sami dogaro da tsakanin aikin sana', zura masu ido, fili larabawa su k'ara Kome rashin gatanchin mache sadakinta adherence tsakanin daban-daban da hanyoyin kyautata lafiyar: yi fenti da sculpture ne, a cikin architecture sauyawa, architecture, kwalliya ne da aka haifa a lokaci d'aya. Da haske, wadda ita ce wani batunsu, idan a fili baroque, ba za ta k'ara da "lumen" bayyanannu, ita ce ta Renaissance, amma wani ma'abucin "dangi" wadda ya karye cikin aisles na ikilisiyoyi da d'aukaka da structures, ya juya da launuka ko mãsu shħkar abũbuwa kacakaca da kwatsam hana gamzaki haskakawa a canvases, d'aukaka bisa dutsen alabasta, stucco, gilded itace. Da harshen Baroque taso a wuri decades da goma sha bakwai K'arni da Rubens, Bernini da Borromini rantsuwa da ma'aikatan a dukan Allah Mai Iko Dukka?: masu sana'a, modellers, carvers, argentieri tattare da diffusion da shawarwarin da aminci. Daga wannan batunsu fannonin da sabon salon kid kada a sake da zurfi adherence da harshen gaskiya da tsire-tsire da develops: da monarchies (k'asar da Faransa da papacy postcontroriformistico tattare da umarnanka da categorical imperatives a tashi haik wasu da yake suranta, wato Ikilisiya, da kotu: Valga misali da bayanin ire-iren wasannin kwaikwayon ikilisiyar da nave guda, a kan shi Model Primary School na d'aya daga cikin Yesu del Vignola, cewa, ga cikakken functionality liturgical, ya watsa a Turai da Amurka. Ba su iya mantawa d'aya da fannonin, da sha'anin processings da regional, ko rage wad'anda dynamic antithesis tsakanin classicism rhetorical da birane overstepping na canons architecture (1), tsakanin realism da kama decorativismo (1) yi fenti, a cikin abin da kuka configure Bature baroque, kada ku gwada ikonku don ku cuci talakawa cikin wurare adu sha'anin abũbuwan misãli: a k'asar Italiya da ratio tsakanin Bernini da Borromini, tsakanin Caravaggio da Pietro the Cortona. Saboda haka mun sami ciki Turai baroque wasu manyan harsashinta da wurare na sha'anin da ba su da wata mak hadin kai da 'yan jarida na duniya kan kwatankwacinsa. Wani Naturalistic ambaliyar ruwa da scenographic, daga k'asar Italiya, k'asar Asbaniya watsa a tsakiyar Turai, ta keb'e aiki na addini da umarni, ya kai colonies Amirka, ambaliyar ruwa ta academic da classical da Faransa, Ingila, k'asar Holan, daga baya kuma babbar ambaliyar ruwa da realism Caravaggio, kan kwatankwacinsa apparently polemical da na baroque a zana hankali da scenographic, amma aka haifa daga daidai da kula da kome ba, face da al'adun mutane classical, abin da muka yi tsammani d'aya daga cikin hanyarsa ta saka da sabon salon kid. Platerésco K'ara da sm. (Pl. m. , Chi (Spanisanci plateresco, daga platero, hukumarsa, goldsmith. Da architectural salon kid k'arfafa zana madayana san a k'asar a farkon rabin daga umurninsaa kan wanda Yake so daga bãyinsa k'arni na 12. Da tambayoyinta dukka formation gudunmawa derived fannin daga flamboyant gothic, daga Italiyanci Renaissance da kuma Faransanci da Mudejar hume da exuberant d'and'ana domin duhun da meticulous ado - aru akwai huld'a sosai tsakanin bak'ak'en fatan daga ado. (Plateresco ne a asalin nuna da elaboratissima kwalliya da abubuwan da zinariya da azurfa, kuma ya kasance da zarginsa da architecture da Ortiz Zuñiga suka ci iyakar mak'wabcinku platerescas decorations na gargad'i a cathedral na Seville. Misali mai lbrãhĩm wannan salon kid wad'anda suke a Salamanca, Jami'ar, 1516-29, gidan Monterrey, a Toledo (asibiti na S. Cruz, 1504, Seville Ajuntamento (1), Alcalá de Henares, Jami'ar, 1540-53, kuma Guadalajara (Palacio del Infantado. "Tă kasance mai k'wazo Gedea ga sana'ne. 6 pp 246-252" "tă kasance mai k'wazo Gedea ga sana'ne. 6 pp 246-252." Da Lexicon Sm. kuma k'ara (pl. m. , Chi (wad'anda k'arni na 12, prob. Da aka ambata baroco makaranta. (1) Sm, sai lokacin da literary shiga daga classicism cike da d'auka domin tsabtace k'arni na 12 ga Arcadia, galibi da rationalism na farko a shekara ta goma sha takwas k'arni na 12. 2) k'ara a kan literary ko labulen aiki, da nasaba da wannan salon kid ko da fannonin: baroque yi fenti, gidan, baroque ikilisiya. Da bene, da gradient spregiativa, sumptuous, har zuwa hak'ak'k'en, ya yi hulu-hulu don, bizarre, clumsy: "Baroque hali mai horar da 'yan wasan nad'ori, Muna ganin ta k'ararrawa." (1) Gozzano. Na adabi A cikin baroque gender aka identified da Italiyanci secentismo, da concettismo da Spaniyanci gongorismo, da harshen biko ya bayyana, ka jarraba kamar kyakkyawar ganewa, an hallaka birnin goma sha bakwai k'arni na 12. Ba da abũbuwan misãli burum Renaissance, wadda undeniably tashi domin ci gaban jama'ar Isra'ila ne mutumi sahihi, da innovative fannin impersonati sau da yawa a cikin expressive geniality da inventiveness bizarre da capricious, yana da sauk'in zargi da baroque na emptiness da mutunci wasaq, wad'anda kuma capziosi. Tun da yake sha bakwai k'arni na 12, k'arni na Counter-Reformation da Spaniyanci preponderance a k'asar Italiya, critical na adabi da Risorgimento, bayan da fad'in eka ne da wa'azi da Arcadia a baroque, ya yi ziyarar aikinsa da wata gata ga jama'ar Isra'ila inventiveness novelty da yake fayyace masu k'awa da rashin aiki a fagen siyasa da na da yaya kimar b'arnar sana'lokacin da wasa da hedonism k'arshe a kanta. Daga had'revocation manufa ta wuce da sassafe, labarin Italiyanci na adabi da ta yaya kimar b'arnar critical, abin da na adabi banza da haihuwa, tare da cikakkiyar sakaci da figurative wurin sihirinsu da wak'a inda, da expansion a Turai da fin a Latin Amurka, ka ga walk'iya inventiveness hasken da zurfi hankali zana. Wani conception da sana'kuma waka ba kwab'e da nasaba da carducciano classicism, kuma yaya kimar b'arnar da sunan d'ansa da nasaba da wasu dalilai na Risorgimento a tarihi da Italiyanci na adabi na De Sanctis, Benedetto Croce ya yi hukunci fad'uwar kusan a baroque fahimci yadda secentismo, in ba haka ba, kamar yadda wani enlargement da deteriorating marinismo, da cewa omission, a d'ebi sakawa, ta wurin sihirinsu galibi da bushe-bushe da shahararrun game da Baroque zamani a k'asar Italiya, 1929. Da aka philosopher, amma kafin Calcaterra, K'irin da sauran, babbar connoisseur na waka ba da Italiyanci wasik'un goma sha bakwai k'arni na 12, daga wannan ra'ayi, specimens assays ne da sabon assays a Italiyanci na adabi da goma sha bakwai k'arni na 12, ke bayani kan tum da 1931, editions daban-daban na marubuta nan, ba tare da excluding daidai da mafi tab'awa da barocchismi, Basile de Ashe Cunto (a Italiyanci daga gicciyen kanta kamar Pentamerone". A cikin shari'a akan fad'uwar game da wasu dalilai mafi flashy specious kuma a al'adu, a maimakon spirituality, baroque na adabi da waka ba, da critical matsayin Gicciyen ne na tsawon ungiyoyin ma critical Italiyanci na jami'ar da ma wani matalauci yaya kimar b'arnar da gudummuwar da Yekoniya na k'asar da daga Renaissance tafiyar wajen sabon conquests da maganarsa, alhali kuwa Karl Vossler, da mai girma da haye, ba su yarda da hukuncin da abokinsa da aka kawo a sa'an nan kuma ya tattara a cikin correspondence, muhimmancin Góngora da sauran Spanisanci mawakan. Amfani Da fad'uwar shari'a na iya fahinta cewa wasu Baroque (cikin hankali da zirga-zirga, abu ne mai ban mamaki da bizarre) bisa ga na fannin da Yana kiwon garkensa gongorismo (1) culteranismo Spaniyanci da na preziosismo faransanci da turanci eufuismo ya fadi rage ajali mai fad'uwar ba da labarin sana'kanta. Kuma wannan, da mummunan mu'amala da masu daular da baroque architecture a Turai, ko a Latin Amurka da ka rabu da fascination kad'e ci iyakar mak'wabcinku sakawa baroque. Da yake da wannan lamari kuwa negatrice, ko a k'alla to, da baroque a janar, musamman da na adabi, lokacin da ake kira secentismo da critics) ne aukaka da Catalan Eugenio told Ors, da shahararrun littafi, yi saurin bazuwa a Faransanci fassara ce a 1936, ga baroque a lokacin da ruhu, da bayanin ire-iren wasannin kwaikwayon, vantò da yake classicism, ta fahimci kamar halinta koyo da zaman lafiya, a fagen daga wurin sihirinsu, euritmia. Wani mizani ne ga halin da yawa, ya riga ya bayyana a matsayinsa na yadda Wölfflin tun 1888 da renaissance da baroque da nasaba da tashi da sabon wani mizani ne ga halin da hukumomin a sana'visibility mai tsarki, ya sami damar polemically ya bayyana kanta halin da told Ors da cikakkiyar a binciken da baroque inventiveness d'and'ana, da sabon da kamannin kwatancin, domin repudiation da mulki kamar hakan na makarantar classicism. Idan a gabanin Nisard iya jĩfar wasu Faransanci romantic ya zama kamar Latin mawakan da decadence, yanzu fahariya haramtacce ne wasu dalilai amma innovators'arni na fiye da yadda armashi fannin sau da inventiveness na mutum, daga alessandrinismo wani tendencies ta Tsakiya Zamunna daban-daban conquests koyo, daga natura morta a yi fenti ya gardening labulen, da kwalliya da kayan kwalliyarta da jokes da bushe-bushe. Wani abu haramtacce to sai dai addininsu a Baroque, tun daga k'arshen wanda yake kiransa 'yan'arni na baya, mike barrueca da lu'ulu'u, mara suranta da wani al'amari ba sosai taram, ko adjective faransanci baroque (provenance Spanish-Portuguese) a sadar da na gargajiya italiyanci baroco derived (daga scholastic hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi ta Tsakiya zamunna. Ya cire zai zama "nau'i ne na sa" (daga Cheater cewa, shi ma ya buga idan sun ce, "rũd'i." Kuma ya kamata a ga hypothesis (daring tabbas ne yake da Spaniyanci barrueco berrueco ko ya ce, abin da ke da haramtacce lu'ulu'u ko scaramazza, na farko, "gangaren dutse" da aka sauki a game da al'adun da Rococo daga Faransanci rocaille. Duk da asalin sunan baroque, ya fara gane da rationalists da neoclassical daga K'arni goma sha takwas da freak, kada ku, shi ne da 'yan shekaru da jarrabawa daga sana'da na adabi da wani babban sashen Turai, a tsakanin Cinquecento cike da farko a shekara ta goma sha takwas K'arni ragowa, a cikin armashi hankali da samun bayebaye da sunan d'ansa da zuciyar sabon, sa'an nan ka saman k'aunaci hikima da matanku critical, ba ma ya gyara tambaya, ga wa faransa rik hedonism) a fantasy, a oestrus, a garin neman sabon. A binciken wannan shi ne ya fi wajibi ne, idan an yi la'akari da ci gaban da baroque ya a duniya a correspondence da sunan d'ansa da ma al'umma, ko a cikin lissafi inventive, a Ingila, inda aka Renaissance imta a kanta ba sunan d'ansa cikakke a d'and'ana kamfanin da bauta wa da siffar kusan kamar yadda babban rantsuwa da petrarchismo. Riga ce a Italiyanci na adabi da prebarocco d'and'ana reasoning da Aretino, fantasy vat, irin wasannin ko sun elocution na kofa na musamman da rakiya al'amura da polemics wa classicism, literary naturalism Bruno na nuna da ake kira Rahab su yi la'akari da unitary abin da nasarorin da babban Renaissance, fortiori da faransanci preziosismo da hawaye domin accents baroque Huguenots mawakan da Catholics, mawakan metaphysical Turanci, da su yi amfani da anar kalmomin nan shahararrun Dryden), da dai sauran mawallafan kundin sakamakon tabbatar da shawarwarin Baroque cigaba da novelty kuma shirya tambayoyin da mafi kyau na halitta a inventiveness da Genius waje na kowane mulki. Dandalin Wani fanni na baroque ba daga dandalin, musamman ma a Faransa da rabi ma a k'asar Italiya, da binciken pageantry, fajirci, na sha hore, lalle, bayan shinge spectacular tsattsarka ce, da mamaki. Ya bayyana a ci gaba da wasu dalilai na dandalin da Renaissance, tare da Seneca a cikin nazarin sha'awa da bin, masu tsattsarka ce, ko macabre fasiki incesti (1) inclusive ko a cikin ayyukan moraleggianti wani mizani ne ga halin. Siyasa da alfahari, unbridled sha'awa, ko a sashen mata) ya kai ga extremes sau da yawa a cikin lavish scenario ne "abin mamaki" da yawa, ya ce, "Kai" da abin nuni na truncated kawunansu a b'angaren, ba zata lambobin yabo masu yawa, kuma An hallaka birnin irin wasannin ko sun kasance da baroque Ermenegildo na Emanuele Tesauro a k'asar Italiya, da wasu k, Adamu Andreini), da Faransa Scédase da A. Hardy, Charite na Poullet, Machabée na Virey du Gravier da yawan gaskatawa Vincent na Boissin de Gallardon. Ga alamu na kasancewar yau na irin d'awainiyar da harshen baroque da bak'i a b'angaren, a cikin ayyukansu mafi tsayi, sai harshen albeit imaginifico, jumhuriyar jigon akan bayyana a cikin wasa na contrasts tsakanin fiction da gaskiya, tsakanin mafarkin da rai. Tsammani da masifar elisabettiana, Shakespeare, a Racine, Molie Calderón, da shahararrun mai ban dariya La Vida es sueño, da Spaniyanci dandalin nan. Daga sabuwar Yana kiwon garkensa a duniya labulen, sa'an nan za a derived dokoki da wani sabon poetics, ku d'and'ani, yadda za a kullum anticipated dokoki. Ta haka baroque ya ba da umarni, na zamani waka ba, da na autonomous halitta, spontaneous, ina kuwa ba da hujjoji hankali na ainihi da yawa daga hedonistic lokacin da ya bayyana ta kanta ma, wato, a wurin sihirinsu na gida da bude wa dukan farillan modernity, kafin da lokaci. Akwai makama cike da wurin sihirinsu da aka mutum aiki, sa'an nan da nasaba da vicissitudes na duniya, da k'awa da discoveries da ba su da wani abu da sabon glories. A cikin wannan umarni baroque da yake ji da na zamani, a lokacin da suke faruwa don tunawa da ya yi sabon muhimman abubuwa dai, ko a romantic wad'annan al'amura, ko wannan hukunci, bisa manufa compartment kowane Tsibin duwatsun yana da ma na da nasaba bi zab'i wad'ansunmu da wa'azi da rationalism da goma sha takwas k'arni na 12. A'a, da yawa daga fannonin romance da na zamani waka ba za a bayyana ba tare da harabarsa da baroque. Sana', Janar labarai A cikin figurative sana'iyyar, mataki chronologically tsakanin mannerism, da kuma kawo k'arshen sakamakon baroque kansa yake rococo (xvii k'arni na 12 da farkon wad'anda). Tun daga wannan lokaci a kan tsari daga mannerism za ku iya sketch wani genesis da baroque (generic ungozomanchi ba su complexity da yin hakan ya da implies (2) kamar yadda sabunta sensitivity ga kome ba, face fasali, sa'an nan Ya kyautata sũrõrinku gabata, mayar da mannerist rikici ya saukar da sa, ta wurin da aka saba maimaitawa na modules yanzu gaji. Rikicin aesthetics da cognitive mannerism, masanan da manufar da Counter-Reformation stimulate da hukumomin daga ciki da classic canons da ya tashi daga gantali revalue da jin da kamannin: ba investigates da fiye da ratio na ainihi, da ya tashi, amma poses sabon rahoton emotional da jama'ar Isra'ila a tsakanin mutum da al'amura. Saboda haka, masu Tsibin duwatsun yana za mu yi amfani da duk wata hanya daban-daban da fahimtar ma'anar technique har illusionism sa a cikin maruruwa da baroque artist. A fili a architecture ne mai kħwayħwa da organic: da geometric dalili ba ziyarar aikinsa da essence, sai wata dabara a shawo kan iyaka tsakanin kamanninsa da gaskiya. Da prospect illusiva ne da scenographic, kullum a dangantaka da zura masu ido, da gine-ginen nan ne bud'e lullub'e a tutur dialog da ke zaune a yankunan fili ko da mai kururrumai, a watan alfarma adadin horonsu da firsinonin Falasdinawa yana emotional'i zaburarsu, a kullum sculpture a dynamic dangantaka da fili da gidaje. Wani mafi abõkin had'i an sami dogaro da tsakanin aikin sana', zura masu ido, fili larabawa su k'ara Kome rashin gatanchin mache sadakinta adherence tsakanin daban-daban da hanyoyin kyautata lafiyar: yi fenti da sculpture ne, a cikin architecture sauyawa, architecture, kwalliya ne da aka haifa a lokaci d'aya. Da haske, wadda ita ce wani batunsu, idan a fili baroque, ba za ta k'ara da "lumen" bayyanannu, ita ce ta Renaissance, amma wani ma'abucin "dangi" wadda ya karye cikin aisles na ikilisiyoyi da d'aukaka da structures, ya juya da launuka ko mãsu shħkar abũbuwa kacakaca da kwatsam hana gamzaki haskakawa a canvases, d'aukaka bisa dutsen alabasta, stucco, gilded itace. Da harshen Baroque taso a wuri decades da goma sha bakwai K'arni da Rubens, Bernini da Borromini rantsuwa da ma'aikatan a dukan Allah Mai Iko Dukka?: masu sana'a, modellers, carvers, argentieri tattare da diffusion da shawarwarin da aminci. Daga wannan batunsu fannonin da sabon salon kid kada a sake da zurfi adherence da harshen gaskiya da tsire-tsire da develops: da monarchies (k'asar da Faransa da papacy postcontroriformistico tattare da umarnanka da categorical imperatives a tashi haik wasu da yake suranta, wato Ikilisiya, da kotu: Valga misali da bayanin ire-iren wasannin kwaikwayon ikilisiyar da nave guda, a kan shi Model Primary School na d'aya daga cikin Yesu del Vignola, cewa, ga cikakken functionality liturgical, ya watsa a Turai da Amurka. Ba su iya mantawa d'aya da fannonin, da sha'anin processings da regional, ko rage wad'anda dynamic antithesis tsakanin classicism rhetorical da birane overstepping na canons architecture (1), tsakanin realism da kama decorativismo (1) yi fenti, a cikin abin da kuka configure Bature baroque, kada ku gwada ikonku don ku cuci talakawa cikin wurare adu sha'anin abũbuwan misãli: a k'asar Italiya da ratio tsakanin Bernini da Borromini, tsakanin Caravaggio da Pietro the Cortona. Saboda haka mun sami ciki Turai baroque wasu manyan harsashinta da wurare na sha'anin da ba su da wata mak hadin kai da 'yan jarida na duniya kan kwatankwacinsa. Wani Naturalistic ambaliyar ruwa da scenographic, daga k'asar Italiya, k'asar Asbaniya watsa a tsakiyar Turai, ta keb'e aiki na addini da umarni, ya kai colonies Amirka, ambaliyar ruwa ta academic da classical da Faransa, Ingila, k'asar Holan, daga baya kuma babbar ambaliyar ruwa da realism Caravaggio, kan kwatankwacinsa apparently polemical da na baroque a zana hankali da scenographic, amma aka haifa daga daidai da kula da kome ba, face da al'adun mutane classical, abin da muka yi tsammani d'aya daga cikin hanyarsa ta saka da sabon salon kid.
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